Leptons are one of the three types of particles of Standard Model of Particle Physics. The three groups are quarks, leptons and bosons.
Like quarks, leptons have two groups i.e. charged leptons and neutrinos. Charged leptons consists of electron, muon and tau. And neutrino group consists of electron neutrino, muon neutrino and tau neutrino.
Among the leptons, electron is the most familiar and have a direct impact on our lives. Without it, it means no electricity which means no smartphone, no bulb, no laptop, etc. Almost everything depends on electricity. Without it, we are back to the 1600s.
The electron is extremely stable but it’s cousins tau and muon are extremely unstable. Muon has mass of about 207 times the electron’s mass while tau has a mass of about 3477 times electron’s mass. Muon have a mean lifetime of about two millionth of a second (2*10^-6 second) while tau have a mean lifetime of about three hundred trillionth of a second (2.9*10^-13 second). They all have an electric charge of -1 e.
There is an ongoing muon g-2 experiment. If the experiment goes as planned and if the theory don’t still agree with the measurement value, it could mean a new fundamental force or a new particle.
Now, comes the neutrinos. Neutrinos are ghostly particles. They can change their identities. They have mass of about one-millionth of the mass of electron. Also, they are neutral and interact via the nuclear weak force and gravity.
Neutrinos are of three types – election neutrino, muon neutrino and tau neutrino. Their mass increases in ascending order from electron neutrino to tau neutrino.
They are nature’s thieves and can change their identities like electron neutrino changing to muon neutrino or tau neutrino and vice-versa. They can even borrow energy from vacuum. I will explain this process in an upcoming blog.
Watch this video by Dr Don Lincoln, Fermilab Particle Physicist. Here he explains about leptons in the most simple way possible:
https://direct-link.net/260744/Leptons
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