What is a Quantum Field?

Do you know that all the particles of the Standard Model of Particle Physics are just excitations in their own fields? Feel weird. Yes. Reality is weirder than you think.

A field is a measurement or quantity assigned to every point in space. So quantum field is a field of quantum properties. And according to quantum mechanics, every particle in the Standard Model of Particle Physics has its own field. And particles are just excitations in their own fields. Or particles we see are just localized vibrations in the field.

So, for example, electron field exists everywhere but theit energy is zero so no particle (electron) is seen. This even applies to quarks, photon, gluon, etc. But when a part of that field receives energy, a part of the field have energy over 0 and that part is the particle. In simple words, particles are nothing but a part of the field whose energy is above 0. Today we have 24 fields. Say, for example, in the electromagnetic field, that would create an excitation or disturbation and a certain part of the electromagnetic field having energy above zero is what we see as a photon. This is the same for all: electron, gluon, tau, up quark, etc.are just part of the electron, gluon, tau, up quark, etc fields having energy above zero. Here is an image of an electron in an electron field.

This has been used in explaining the interactions between particles. The most well known quantum field theory is the quantum electrodynamics which deals with the interaction of the electromagnetic field and electron field. Both of these fields are intertwined to one another. It is used to explain the interaction of electrons and photons. There is also quantum chromodynamics which deals with the interaction of quarks and gluons(the particle carrying stong nuclear force) .

We know that when two particles, say an electron and a positron interact, they both annihilate each other and produce photons. According to Quantum Field Theory, electron and positron is just a part of the electron whose energy is hovering above zero. So when they interact, that energy is transferred to the electromagnetic field(this is because electromagnetic and electron field are intertwined to each other). Then a part of the electromagnetic field have energy because of the energy transfer and that part of the electromagnetic field having energy above zero is the photon. Like this, all the interactions in the quantum realm is explained by QFT.

So, what do you feel after reading this? Is the universe bizarre and weird?

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